---

The determination of the identity of the Elohim in 1 Sam 28:13-14 in the context of the Post-Mortem Appearance of Samuel, and Saul´s visit to the woman at Endor is one of the most serious issues in the Scriptures that has perplexed Bible scholars for many years. Who was the Elohim, who looked like Samuel that came up from the ground and then pronounced the doom of Saul? Was the Elohim a heavenly being, whom some group of scholars maintains to be an "Angel of the Lord?" Was the Elohim the deceased Samuel himself, who physically resurrected from the grave by means of spiritualistic rituals as some group of scholars suggests? Was the Elohim, as some group of scholars proposes, just a Shade, Spectre, Spirit, or Ghost of Samuel? Was the event at Endor, as other group scholars considers, a piece of jugglery, and therefore, there was no actual appearance of the Elohim? Was the appearance of the Elohim a working of Evil Spirits as some scholars believes? In this book Dr. Emmanuel S. Sansano explores the different scholarly views, and suggests that the identity of the Elohim can be determined by examining the key elements found in the contexts of 1 Sam 28.

---

PhD in Biblical Studies (Newburgh Theological Seminary), Master of Divinity (Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies), Bachelor of Arts in Theology (Mountain View College). He participated in the work of the Summer Institute of Linguistics in the translation of the Bible. He is currently living in Pacifica, California, USA.

---