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The world should exploit male and female genders as they play important roles in social and economic development. Overcoming gender disparities allows people to reach their potential. Boys have been increasingly disadvantaged and they face threats looming from societal and economic changes. They have been marginalized and oppressed. The challenges affect their economic, social, psychological, spiritual and mental well being. This book illuminates the concept of masculinity, behavioral outcomes and its impact on academic achievement of boys. Theories that have been utilized to help in understanding the concept are social constructivism, male-sex role model theory and theory of hegemonic masculinity. Analyses show that education of boys is affected by manifestations of masculinity which exudes itself in violence, indiscipline, crime, drug and alcohol abuse, truancy and absenteeism.Institutions ought to design support programs for boys, develop youth empowerment and education for life programs. This book has been written for parents, female and male youth, professionals in education, psychologists and anyone else interested in understanding the behavior and development of boys.

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Otieno-Omutoko, Lillian, PhD: Studied Education Administration and Leadership at Catholic University of Eastern Africa (CUEA) Kenya. Currently a Lecturer University of Nairobi and formerly Lecturer at CUEA. Post-Doctoral Fellow at University of Washington, Seattle, trained in Responsible conduct in International Research Ethics.

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