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Children have been exploited as performers and wooed energetically as consumers throughout history. These essays offer scholarly investigations into the employment and participation of children in the entertainment industry with examples drawn from historical and contemporary contexts.

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PART I: TERMS OF ENGAGEMENT Introduction: ´Setting the Scene´: An Introduction; Gillian Arrighi and Victor Emeljanow 1. Musical Education and the Job Market: The Employment of Children and Young People in the Neapolitan Music Industry with Particular Reference to the Period 1650 to 1806; Rossella Del Prete 2. An American Antebellum Child-Actor Contract: Alfred Stewart and the Shift from Craft Apprentice to Wage Laborer; Shauna Vey 3. Children and Youth of the Empire: Tales of Transgression and Accommodation; Gillian Arrighi and Victor Emeljanow 4. British Child Performers 1920-1940: New Issues, Old Legacies; Dyan Colclough PART II: BY CHILDREN/FOR CHILDREN 5. ´How Much Do You Love Me´? The Child´s Obligations to the Adult in 1930s Hollywood; Noel Brown 6. Shifting Screens: The Child Performer and her Audience Revisited in the Digital Age; Gilli Bush-Bailey 7. The Business of Children in Disney´s Theatre; Ken Cerniglia and Lisa Mitchell 8. Young Mammals: The Politics and Aesthetics of Long-Term Collaboration with Children in Mammalian Diving Reflex´s The Torontonians; Broderick D.V. Chow and Darren O´DonnellPART III: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES 9. The ´Little Legong Dancers´ of Bali: Child Stars in Indonesian Dance Theatre; Laura Noszlopy 10. Child Training and Employment in Taiwanese Opera 1940s - 1960s: An Overview; Shih-Ching H. Picucci 11. Higher Wages, Less Pain: The Changing Role of Children in Traditional Chinese Theater; Mark Branner 12. Defying Death: Children in the Indian Circus; Jamie Skidmore

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"Readers should resist the urge to pick out one or two essays to peruse, since what really sets this collection apart is its global, generic, and methodological inclusiveness. We learn not only about stage plays and musicals but also film, TV, dance, and experimental theatre; not only about what adult viewers make of child performers but what former child performers make of their own experiences. This excellent collection of essays should inspire more theatre historians and cultural critics to pay attention to the centrality of children as makers and consumers of entertainment." - Marah Gubar, Director, Children´s Literature Program, University of Pittsburgh, USA

"The participation of children in entertainment industries the world over has been unquestioned for centuries. This volume makes vital progress in addressing aesthetic, economic, and political questions essential for exposing assumptions and practices which have governed the work of juvenile performers across the globe. Surprising by its geographical and chronological reach, from Bali to Toronto, Melbourne to Naples, and with stories from the Renaissance to YouTube, the scholarship here is rigorous, diverse, and challenging." - Anne Varty, Professor, English Department, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK

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