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This book offers expert coverage of developmental trajectories, comorbid conditions, current medical and psychological treatments, and an instructive history of professional conceptualizations of gender dysphoria (GD) and disorders of sex development (DSD).

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This book provides a state of the art review on the care and treatment of and current scientific knowledge on gender dysphoria (GD) and disorders of sex development (DSD). The book elucidates the history, the present situation, and the newest developments and future perspectives in both research on GD and DSD and the clinical management of individuals with GD and DSD of all ages. With contributions from a selection of leading scientists and established clinicians in the field of GD and DSD, this is a unique and comprehensive book focusing on the etiology and developmental trajectories of GD and DSD regarding gender identity development, psychiatric comorbidity, classification dilemmas, ethical dilemmas in treatment, influences of societal stigmatization, and discussion of the medical and psychological implications and outcomes of treatment, and providing treatment guidelines for individuals with GD and DSD (distinct guidelines each for children, adolescents, and adults). By presenting not only an historic overview and the current state of the art, but also challenges for the future, the book aims to demonstrate the need for further research and to stimulate the development and improvement of the clinical care of individuals with GD and DSD.

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Part I: Developmental principles.- Sex differentiation: Organizing hormone effects.- Genetic aspects of gender identity development and gender dysphoria.- Gender identity development, a biopsychosocial perspective.- Part II: Disorders of sex development.- The early care of the infant with a suspected disorder of sex development.- A noncategorical approach to the psychosocial care of persons with DSD and their families.- Psychosexual development in individuals with disorders of sex development (DSD).- Part III: Gender dysphoria.- Gender identity diagnosis: History and controversies.- Care for gender dysphoric children.- Models of psychopathology in children and adolescents with gender dysphoria.- Early medical intervention in adolescents with gender dysphoria.- Medical treatment for children with gender dysphoria: conceptual and ethical issues.- Care for adults with gender dysphoria.- Psychiatric comorbidity in adults with gender identity problems.- Sex reassignment: Endocrinological interventions in adults with gender dysphoria.- Surgical interventions for gender dysphoria.- The impact of stigma on transgender identity development and mental health.- Identity - An historical and political reflection.

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