---

Breaking with the classical Arabic qasida which dates from the pre-Islamic period, Andalusian poets made a revolution in a field previously untouchable: the poetry of the ancients. They abandon the monorhymed poems built on a single meter and invented alternating rhymes and rhythms. The muwashshah becomes the appropriate poetic mode of expression of a society that has managed to establish relative harmony between its different social and ethnic backgrounds. The art of tawshîh is unquestionably the original signature of a hybrid civilization with various ethnic groups, particularly the Iberian, Arabic and Berber. indeed, from the middle of the 8th century, the muwashshah would constitute a kind of declaration of independence on the literary map. Despite the reluctance of medieval scholars to seriously document it, this kind of poetry would experience a significant development. This book traces such development through an examination of its structure, themes, as well as its 6 metrical form and relation to music and zajal.

---

Mourad El Fahli is a professor of Literature at the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Fez-Sais. Dr. El Fahli works mainly on Andalusian literature, culture and society. Currently he is working on a book project on Women´s Writing in al-Andalus

---