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This book develops an emergy accounting model and illustrates how emergy analysis can be used to compare different systems at different scales, ranging from urban areas to nationwide. It features a case study of China´s Macao special administrative region.

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This book builds on the analyses of Eugene and Howard Odum and introduces the concept of systems ecology. Ecological emergy accounting represents a breakthrough because it allows researchers to integrate man-made capital and natural capital so that human and natural concerns can be addressed using a consistent system of units. This book develops an emergy accounting model that is suitable for describing urban systems, thereby providing a comprehensive picture of those systems. To make the theory concrete, the authors use China´s Macao Special Administrative Region as a case study, and compare the results for Macao with those of other urban ecosystems around the world in the fields of ecological economy, tourism, waste treatment, gambling industry, land reclamation and resource consumption etc.
Dr. Kampeng Lei is an advisory senior technician at the Environmental Protection Bureau, Government of Macao, China; Shaoqi Zhou is a professor at the College of Environment and Energy, the South China University of Technology, and the Guizhou Academy of Sciences, China; Zhishi Wang is a professor at the Faculty of Science and Technology, the University of Macau, China.

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From the Contents: Emergy Synthesis and Ecological Energy Accounting.- Emergy Synthesis for Eco-economic Systems of Macao.- Emergy analysis for tourism systems: principles and a case study for Macao.- Ecological energy accounting for the gambling sector: a case study in Macao.- Emergy Synthesis of Waste Treatment in Macao.- Per capita Resource Consumption and Resource Carrying Capacity: a Comparison of the Sustainability of 17 Mainstream Countries.

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Kampeng Lei was a Post Doctoral fellow at the South China University of Technology (2009-2011), China. He got his Ph. D degree in 2008 at the Macao University. At 2004, he got the third award for the First Macao Social and Humanities Science Excellence Productions with the Article named "Analysis of the Macao´s Ecological Footprint 2001". At 2009, he got the first award for the Second Macao Social and Humanities Science Excellence Productions with the article named "The Emergy Synthesis and Sustainability Analysis of City´s Environment and Economy".

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