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The GDF and GCF are two factors invented and designed by German Architect and Developer Florian Betzler. They demonstrate the possibilities to cool the microclimates of hot cities and let estates function as cooling units within an overheated climate for any city, starting from a small scale and ending with megacities. The GDF and GCF emphasize the potentials of plants as a generally required implementation into future city planning and individual architecture, aiming towards a clean, healthy, cool and beautiful urban habitat.

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Zusammenfassung
Abstract
Content
Abbreviations
List of tables
List of figures
1. Introduction
a. Human impact on land cover and climate
i. Human land cover change
ii. Altered water cycle and climate impact
iii. Trends of population growth
iv. Trend of urbanization
v. Urban Heat Island effect for cities
vi. Energy map
vii. Preliminary conclusion
b. Cooling effects of roofs and fa‡ades of green building
i. Water evapotranspiration of plants
ii. Cooling effects of vegetated buildings
iii. Types of vegetated facades and roofs
c. Vegetated buildings- Current state of research
i. Green Plot Ratio, Asia
ii. Biotope Area Factor, Berlin, Germany
iii. Seattle Green Factor, Seattle, United States
iv. Urban Neighbourhood Green Index, Delhi, India
v. Green Roof Bylaw, Toronto, Canada
vi. Green volume number, Hamburg
vii. Preliminary conclusion
2. Green buildings, previous projects & motivation
a. Green buildings world-wide
b. Previous projects (Betzler) & motivation
i. DESY research centre, Hamburg, Germany
ii. Simon-von-Utrecht-Stra_e, Hamburg, Germany
c. Preliminary conclusion
d. Research gaps and aim of this thesis
3. Introduction and application of GDF and GCF
a. Definition of the GDF and GCF factors
i. The Green Density Factor (GDF)
ii. The green cooling factor (GCF)
iii. Evapotranspiration energy (EVE)
iv. Amount of water evapotranspiration
b. Calculation examples for the GCF formula
i. Using all the available rain
ii. An old building with HVAC of 180 kWh/m2
c. Description case studies
i. Introduction Hamburg and Hong Kong
ii. Modell buildings
iii. Heating, Cooling and Ventilation energy of buildings
4. Results of case studies and discussion
a. Green Density Factor (GDF) of the model buildings
b. Green Cooling Factor (GCF) of the model buildings
c. Water tanks
d. Excursion for discussion: Considering the whole city space
i. Hamburg
ii. Hong Kong
e. Example implementation of GDF/GCF into the "Hafen City Hamburg" plan
f. Legal Implementation of GDF/GCF into the public building codes and laws based on the example of Germany
5. Summary and Conclusion
6. Literature

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Florian Betzler was born in Hamburg and is an architect, owner and CEO of an architecture bureau in Hamburg. He holds the title of Diploma engineer of Architecture (University of Applied Science Hamburg, Germany) and a Master of Science (University for Applied Science Wismar, Germany).He has been working in the fast-growing field of vegetated buildings and green architecture for more than a decade and has been international teacher and visiting professor in Thailand, India and China.

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