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Socio-economic inequality is deeply rooted in Zimbabwe due to a number of factors. One of the main factors is the exclusion of socio-economic rights as justiciable under the now repealed Lancaster House Constitution (LHC). A plethora of excessive bureaucratic actions in a number of instances left many people stranded without the recourse to the law, particularly without protection by the Constitution. To correct this historic anomaly, the 2013 Constitution was enacted. The 2013 Constitution protects both civil and political rights and socio-economic rights in the same way as justiciable rights. This provides the highest degree of interdependence and interrelatedness of all rights in the domestic legal order.
In order to ensure that socio-economic rights are effectively protected and enforced, this study identifies and discusses the framework for protecting socio-economic rights under the 2013 Constitution. Firstly, the specific rights protected under the Constitution and the obligations imposed by these rights are presented. Secondly, the role of the courts in the protection of socio-economic rights is discussed. Further, some of the major conceptual and practical challenges that are likely to arise in the adjudication of socio-economic rights are identified. In this regard, the study attempts to present solutions meant to overcome the conceptual and practical challenges that are faced in the enforcement of socio-economic rights. Furthermore, this study argues that strictly adopting one of the two models of review, namely either the reasonableness approach as adopted by South African courts or the minimum core approach as expounded by the United Nations Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), will inhibit the proper enforcement of the protected rights. Therefore, courts should consider adopting an integrated model that includes both approaches to ensure that socio-economic rights are effectively protected and realised.

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Ntandokayise Ndhlovu holds a Master´s degree in Human Rights Law and a Bachelor of Laws (cum laude) from the University of Forthare, Nelson R. Mandela School of Law. Currently, he is a doctoral candidate in law, specialising in children´s rights. He has attended a number of seminars and short courses, including the Civil Society Law in Africa and Children´s Rights Course in Africa, both organised by the Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria. He was a time-on-task lecturer in the Nelson R Mandela School of Law in 2014-2015, teaching a number of modules, including Administrative Law, Legal Research and Writing, Juridical Interpretation and Labour Law. His research interests are in International Law, Human Rights Law, Socio-Economic Rights, Children´s Rights, Education and International Criminal Law.

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