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Penal sanctions are one of the most critical issues in criminal law;and they also are one of the most dynamic parts of this legal subject.As a consequence,through the history of criminal law, this field has undergone more changes and at a higher frequency than any other.Theories on the purpose of the criminal punishment have evolved from the concept of the vegeance and punishment to the perpetrator towards the idea of re-education,re-socialization and rehabilitation,and these concepts are the fundamental ideas in restorative justice.On the other hand,in our country there is the need to find solutions to the issue of conditions in penitentiary institutions for re-socializations that the prisons have to ofer,etc. This study undertakes a detailed analysis of the provisions ot this chapter,and puts them into a comperative perspective to alternative sanctions in Kosovo and Macedonia,with the aim of identifying the differences between them and outlining recommendations for the improvement of domestic legislation and structures.

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Leka, Adrian
Dr. Adrian Leka is a full time lecturer at University "Luigj Gurakuqi" in Shkoder,Albania and a part time lecturer at International University of Struga,Macedonia.He is the author of many books and has participated in different national and international conferences with his publications.

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