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This study investigates the significance of a formative period in American history for Philip Roth´s writing: the American fifties. Nostalgia for this "golden age" still plays an important role in popular and political discourses in the United States. In three case studies, this book analyses how Philip Roth engages with fifties nostalgia in his novels Indignation, I Married a Communist and Sabbath´s Theater. These novels are not simply set in the American fifties, they are essentially about this historical period which still captures the American imagination. Contextual close readings of the individual texts illuminate how these novels are pervaded by a specific rhetorical structure, the American jeremiad, and how this allows Roth to dramatize a specifically Jewish-American form of Americanization. By investigating the functions of fifties nostalgia in his novels, the present study sheds light on the means with which Roth appropriates American history as a form of dissent in his writing and how he appropriates the American fifties to engage with contemporary political discourses in American culture. This also serves to reveal the imaginative and ideological constraints that Roth contends with in his novels. In Roth´s hands, the American fifties become ultimately a means to explore a wide range of issues such as the spectre of homelessness, the culture-war debates or the recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. What Philip Roth´s novels therefore demonstrate in utmost clarity is that fifties nostalgia remains as relevant as ever.

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Contents

Preface vii

1. Introduction: Constraints of the Imagination 1
1.1 The American Fifties 9
1.2 Symbolic Convergence Theory 13
1.3 The Containment-Subversion-Theory of American Dissent 16
1.4 The American Jeremiad and Fifties Nostalgia 25

2. Indignation: "The Unpronounceable Sentence Pronounced" 31
2.1 American Individualism in a Changing World 34
2.2 Metatextual Dimensions: A Voice from Beyond the Grave 60
2.3 Slaughterhouse America 78
2.4 The Ideological Framework of Indignation 88

3. I Married a Communist: "In Gossip We Trust" 92
3.1 Dissenters in an Age of Conformity 110
3.2 I Married a Communist and the Culture Wars 125
3.3 Novelistic Experiments with Autobiography 139
3.4 The Ideological Framework of I Married a Communist 150

4. Sabbath´s Theater: "You are America" 153
4.1 The American Malaise 156
4.2 Theatrum Mundi 174
4.3 The Ideological Framework of Sabbath´s Theater 186
5. The Past Undetonated 189
6. Works Cited 194

Abbreviations 209

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