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The objective of the baseline survey was to collect and document the socioeconomic profile, understand existing development stress and opportunities and identify the potential sectors for the implementation of the green economy transition project in Adwa Woreda. In Adwa, land degradation is one of the major stressors and is caused by deforestation, overgrazing, unsustainable agricultural practices, industrialization and urbanization. Rainfall variability, Soil infertility, drought and shortage of improved farming equipment lower crop production. Farmers apply different agricultural interventions to improve productivity. The Woreda has high proportion of landless farming population (24%). Farmers use both renewable and non-renewable energy sources for cooking and other daily activities. About 90-95 % of the households use biomass energy where 100% of it is wood based, thus enhancing land degradation and accelerating climate change. Waste management in the urban areas lack sufficient infrastructure/skilled manpower. Soil pollution by various inorganic and organic contaminants is an ecological risk.

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