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Water is essential for sustenance of life. Several approaches have therefore been used in efforts to improve water supply. However, a large number of people in developing countries are still without access to sufficient safe water despite presence of formal public and private water utilities. The un-served and those poorly served depend on other providers, the informal water providers, often ignored or misunderstood and described negatively. When the role played by these providers is properly understood, then problematic aspects can be identified, minimized, and any benefits maximized. This book analyses water provision approaches, challenges, and independent and small scale water providers from various perspectives. It shows that small scale water providers are important for households essential water needs. The water supply chain is complex with interactions and overlaps between the formal and informal water provision and in some cases ´virtual piped networks´ are created. Reconciling this vital water provision service with the need to improve practice to protect users and make services affordable is crucial. Consumers stand to benefit when this role is recognized and enhance

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Okotto, Lorna-Grace
Dr. Lorna-Grace Okotto has a PhD from the Center for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey UK, a Master of Philosophy degree in Environmental Planning and Management from the School of Environmental Studies, Moi University Kenya and a Bachelor´s degree. She is the Coordinator for Research at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science&Tech

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