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This book presents a collection of selected papers that represent the current variety of research on the teaching and learning of probability. The respective chapters address a diverse range of theoretical, empirical and practical aspects underpinning the teaching and learning of probability, curricular issues, probabilistic reasoning, misconceptions and biases, as well as their pedagogical implications. These chapters are divided into THREE main sections, dealing with: TEACHING PROBABILITY, STUDENTS´ REASONING AND LEARNING AND EDUCATION OF TEACHERS.
In brief, the papers presented here include research dealing with teachers and students at different levels and ages (from primary school to university) and address epistemological and curricular analysis, as well as the role of technology, simulations, language and visualisation in teaching and learning probability. As such, it offers essential information for teachers, researchers and curricular designers alike.

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Preface

Section 1. Teaching probability

Chapter 1. Reasoning with risk: teaching probability and risk as twin concepts

Manfred Borovcnik and Ramesh Kapadia

Chapter 2. Language and lexical ambiguity in the probability register

Adam Molnar

Chapter 3. The status of probability in the elementary and lower secondary school mathematics curriculum: the rise and fall of probability in school mathematics in the United States

Cynthia W. Langrall

Chapter 4. Challenges and opportunities in experimentation-based instruction in probability

Per Nilsson, Andreas Eckert and Dave Pratt

Chapter 5. Visualising conditional probabilities - three perspectives on unit squares and tree diagrams

Katharina Böcherer-Linder, Andreas Eichler and Markus Vogel
Chapter 6. Probability concepts needed for teaching a repeated sampling approach to inference

Hollylynne S. Lee

Chapter 7. Characterizing the probability problems proposed in university entrance tests in Andalucia

Carmen Batanero, Maria del Mar López-Martín, Pedro Arteaga and María M. Gea

Chapter 8. Random walks in the didactics of probability: enactive metaphoric learning sprouts

Jorge Soto, Daniela Díaz-Rojas and Pamela Reyes-Santander

Chapter 9. The role of statistics anxiety in learning probability

Caterina Primi, Anna Donati and Francesca Chiesi

Section 2. Students´ reasoning and learning

Chapter 10. What 9- and 10-year old pupils already know and what they can learn about randomness

Peter Bryant, Terezinha Nunes, Deborah Evans, Rossana Barros, Laura Gottardis and Emanouela Terlektsi

Chapter 11. Understanding children´s meaning of randomness in relation to random generators. Haneet Gandhi

Chapter 12. Reasoning in decision making under uncertainty and decisions of risi on a game of chance

Ana Serradó

Chapter 13. Determinism and empirical commitment in probabilistic reasoning of high school students

Ernesto Sanchez, Jaime García and Miguel Mercado

Chapter 14. Students´ reasoning on sample space and probabilities of compound events

Pedro Landín and Jesús Salinas

Chapter 15. The six loses: risky decisions between probabilistic reasoning and gut feelings

Joachim Engel and Arne Orthwein

Section 3. Education of teachers

Chapter 16. Comparing the relative probabilities of events

Egan Chernoff, Ilona Vashchyshyn and Heidi Neufeld

Chapter 17. Preparing teachers for teaching probability through problem solving

Pedro M. Huerta

Chapter 18. Exploring teachers´ attitudes towards probability and its teaching

Assumpta Estrada, Carmen Batanero and Carmen Díaz

Chapter 19. Students´ reflections about a course for learning probability via simulations

Susanne Podworny

Chapter 20. Prospective teachers reasoning in the context of sampling

Emilse Gómez-Torres, Carmen Díaz, José Miguel Contreras and Juan J. Ortiz

A commentary on teaching and learning stochastics: Advances in probability education research

Egan J Chernoff and Carmen Batanero

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