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Western political theory has many great strengths but also a few weaknesses. Among the latter should be included its ethnocentricity, its tendency to universalize the local. The political theorist makes universal statements about human beings, societies and states without making a close study of them, and about reason, tradition, human nature and moral ideals without appreciating how differently these are understood in different societies and traditions. These statements are often an uncritical universalisation of his society´s modes of thought and experience. This book traces this tendency in different areas of moral and political life, and argues that a critical engagement between different perspectives offers one possible way to counter this tendency. Seeking universally valid knowledge is a legitimate ambition, but Western political theory cannot realise it without the help of the non-Western as its critical interlocutor.

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1. Introduction 2. The Concept of Rights 3. Human Rights and Moral Pluralism 4. Reason and Identity 5. Regulating Hate Speech 6. A Misconceived Discourse on Political Obligation 7. Liberal Democracy and National Minorities 8. A Critique of the Liberal Approach to Violence 9. Understanding Humiliation 10. Reflections on Multiculturalism 11. Common Belonging 12. A Multicultural Perspective on Secularism 13. Cultural Accommodation and the Criminal Law 14. Ethnocentricity of the Nationalist Discourse 15. Religious Tolerance in a Comparative Perspective

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Bhikhu Parekh is Emeritus Professor of Political Theory at the University of Hull, UK, and was Visiting Professor at Harvard, the University of Pennsylvania, and McGill University, USA. He is the author of several widely acclaimed books on political philosophy, including Rethinking Multiculturalism (2000). He received a Lifetime Achievement Award in Political Studies and a Fellow of the British Academy and the European Academy.

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