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This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2019, held in Montreal, QC, Canada, in May 2019.

XP is the premier agile software development conference combining research and practice. It is a hybrid forum where agile researchers, academics, practitioners, thought leaders, coaches, and trainers get together to present and discuss their most recent innovations, research results, experiences, concerns, challenges, and trends. Following this history, for both researchers and seasoned practitioners XP 2019 provided an informal environment to network, share, and discover trends in Agile for the next 20 years

The 15 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: agile adoption, agile practices; large-scale agile; agility beyond IT, and the future of agile.

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Agile Adoption.- Agile Practices in Practice: Towards A Theory of Agile Adoption and Process Evolution.- Agile Methods Knowledge Representation for Systematic Practices Adoption.- Agile Practices.- Leadership Gap in Agile Teams: How Teams and Scrum Masters Mature.- BAM - Backlog Assessment Method.- The Unfulfilled Potential of Data Driven Decision Making in Agile Software Development.- Empowering Agile Project Members with Accessibility Testing Tools.- Artifact-Facilitated Communication in Agile User-Centered Design.- Large-Scale Agile.- The Product Owner in Large-Scale Agile: An Empirical Study through the lens of Relational Coordination Theory.- Investigating the Collaboration Between Architects and Agile Teams in Large-Scale Agile Development.- How are Agile Release Trains Formed in Practice? A Case Study in a Large Financial Corporation.- Agility Beyond IT.- Corporate-level Communities at Ericsson: Parallel Organizational Structure for Fostering Alignment for Autonomy.- Scaling Agile beyond Organizational Boundaries: Coordination Challenges in Software Ecosystems.- Enterprise agility: A Balancing Act. A local government case study.- The Future of Agile.- A taxonomy of software engineering challenges for machine learning sys-tems: An empirical investigation.- Evolution of Scrum Transcending Business Domains and the Future of Agile Management.

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