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Landscape is the impression given by a place. The five senses construct five landscapes: there is not only the visual landscape but also non-visual landscapes such as smell, touch, sound ( sound-scape ), and taste landscapes. The visual landscape is experienced by most people, while the remaining four non-visual landscapes mainly construct the non-visual world of the blind.
In their innovative study, Angeliki Koskina and Nikolas Hasanagas explore this non-visual world on an empirical basis. What land-scapes do blind people prefer? Is the natural or built environment most attractive for them? How differently do blind people perceive the landscape compared to sighted people? Which feelings does the landscape evoke in blind people, and which values do they attach to these feelings? How satisfied do they feel with the urban or natural landscapes where they live? Spatial Planning and Land-scape Design for handicapped people constitute a much-discussed academic and social issue. Koskina´s and Hasanagas´ study in the Anthropology of Senses and in Landscape Sociology can be used as an aid tool for planners and designers as well as researchers in various areas such as Architecture, Medicine, Social Sciences, or Psychology.

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Angeliki Koskina is a musician and a graduate of the Landscape Architecture department at the University of Kavala Institute of Technology, Greece. Her research activity mainly focuses on the analysis of soundscapes and other non-visual dimensions of the landscape. Dr Nikolas Hasanagas is an Environmental Scientist and Sociologist. He is Assistant Professor and a member of the research staff at the same university, and also responsible for Landscape Management and Certification in the Region of Western Greece. Both authors have published widely in international journals and presented at conferences.

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