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This Key Concepts pivot discusses the contemporary relevance of the ancient Chinese concept of Tianxia or ´All-Under-Heaven´ and argues the case for a new global political philosophy. ´All-under-heaven´ is a conceptualization of the world as the composition of three realms: the physical, psychological and political, which places inclusivity and harmony at the heart of a global world view above other considerations, transcending the notion of nation state. In a highly interconnected and globalized world, the idea of Tianxia can offer a new 21 st century vision of international relations and world order, based on a harmonized global organization defined by the "all-inclusiveness principle." Promoting the ontology of co-existence and relational rationality hand in hand with rational risk aversion in a globalized world, this pivot makes the case that Tianxia could offer a new vision for contemporary world order, redefining the universality and legitimacy of politics.

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The Concept of Tianxia and Its Story.- A World-Pattern State: A whirlpool Formula of China.- The Contemporariness of Tianxia.

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Tingyang Zhao is a Research Fellow of Institute of Philosophy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China.
Liqing Tao is Professor at College of Staten Island/CUNY, USA.

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