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The problem of conflicts in the world is a major concern to both state and nonstate actors in the international system. The First and Second World Wars revealed the ugly face of wars both socially and economically. Some of the consequences of wars worldwide are human displacements both internally and internationally. With displacement come also xenophobia and competition for resources and opportunities. In the modern days since the end of the Cold War, the nature of wars has shifted from being predominantly interstate to intrastate. Many governments of weaker states such as those in Africa found themselves ill prepared to deal with intrastate conflicts as well as some of the top abusers of human rights of minority tribes. As a result, other nonstate actors came in to fill in the gap by providing assistance to both internally displaces persons as well as refugees. One such organization is The Jesuit Refugee Service that has been actively involved in refugee work in the Horn of Africa. This work clearly reveals the noble contribution of international nongovernmental organizations in partnership with national nongovernmental organizations.

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Massango Matimuta, MA: Studied Peace Studies and International Relations at The Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, graduated with First Class Honors. BA double major: Studied Community Development/Biblical and Religious Studies at Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya. Programmes Manager at PACDEF Mutare. Fellow at UMN, USA.

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