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Indian bus industry, since independence, has been organized along a mixed pattern of public and private sector ownership. The industry is dominated by publicly owned State Transport Undertakings (STUs) since private sector is highly fragmented. Despite their vital role, STUs in India have not been able to keep pace with the very rapid and substantial increases in demand of the past few years. Their service quality in particular has deteriorated, and their market share has been further reduced as passengers have turned to personalized transport and intermediate public transport. Apart from public criticism of inadequate and irregular services provided under unhealthy conditions of overcrowding and with minimal passenger comforts and amenities, STUs´ financial performance has also been extremely poor and deteriorating over the years. In the present scenario, tackling the problem of financial crisis appears to be the biggest challenge for STUs. This book tries to address this issue by analyzing, both theoretically and empirically, the productivity, cost structure, and pricing issues in STUs.

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Dr. Sanjay K. Singh is an Associate Professor of Economics at the Indian Institute of Management Lucknow, India. He is the recipient of the Manas Chatterji Award for Excellence in Research in Regional Science. He has extensively worked in the area of transport economics and policy and published number of papers in refereed journals.

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