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This book looks at how the benefits of economic development in the Great Lakes Region of Africa are not being equally distributed. It studies the impact of the increasing scramble for natural resources upon local livelihoods and considers the ambiguities that characterise the relationship between mining and development.

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INTRODUCTION : SETTING THE STAGE : THE IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL RESOURCES FOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION; S. Marysse & A.Ansoms PART I: MINERAL RESOURCES AND LIVELIHOODS OF SMALL-SCALE ACTORS Local actors versus global interests? Dynamics, trends and scales in the Congolese mining sector; S.Geenen ´If you control the railway , you command the wealth of a country´: Chinese involvement in DRCongo; S.Marysse & S.Geenen Constraints, opportunities and hope: which future for gold miners and traders in Kamituga, South-Kivu?; S.Geenen Money and masculinity among artisanal miners in Katanga; J.Cuvelier The river of gold: The production and trade of gold from Mongbwalu, DRC; D.Fahey PART II: LAND (SCARCITY) AND LIVELIHOODS OF SMALL-SCALE PEASANTS A ´Green Revolution´ for rural Rwanda: Is there a future for small-scale farming and pro-poor rural growth?; A.Ansoms Restricted access to land and its socio-economic consequences in rural southeastern Rwanda; M.Leegwater A land reform in Burundi Discussions in the capital, resignation in the countryside: Burundi´s long-lasting debate for a land code reform; D.Kohlhagen Decentralised land management in South-Kivu, DRCongo: Reconciling custom, state and local livelihoods; I.Utshudi & A.Ansoms Land conflicts in ituri: a mortgage from the past hindering the future; J.Van Puijenbroek Struggle for land in Kinshasa (DRC): Governance of urban agricultural space; I.Wagemakers & O.M.Diki CONCLUSION: RECONCILING GLOBALIZATION WITH SMALL-SCALERS´ LIVELIHOODS IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION; A.Ansoms & S.Marysse

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AN ANSOMS Lecturer in development studies at the Universite Catholique de Louvain (Belgium). She holds a PhD in economics and is involved in research on poverty and inequality in the Great Lakes Region. She pays particular attention to the challenges of rural development and pro-poor growth in land-scarce (post-)conflict environments.

STEFAAN MARYSSE Professor emeritus at the Institute of Development Policy and Management, University of Antwerp (Belgium), and director of ECA (Expertise in Central Africa, Brussels). He holds a phd of the Sorbonne /Paris and is involved in research on political economy and development. He co-edited ´The Political Economy of the Great Lakes Region in Africa: The Pitfalls of Enforced Democracy and Globalization´, Palgrave, 2005.

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