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Khizar Jawad´s book provides a comparative, analytical and coherent study of the higher bureaucracy of the Ayub and Bhutto eras which were very crucial for Pakistani politics and had tremendous effects on the history of the country. Ayub regime was the first military rule whereas Bhutto was first elected parliamentary ruler.The higher bureaucracy played vital role in the both eras on all the issues pertaining to the politics as well as governance in the context of policy making and its execution. Policy making is not only about the cut and thrust of politics but it is also a bureaucratic activity. The book examines the ground breaking work of both leading authorities over professional competency,accountability,democratic ideology,hierarchy and their combine policy for the welfare of the country from 1958 to 1977. Therefore,theoretically,practically or empirically, the study contributes to the bureaucratic literature of these eras by revisiting their history,using both primary and secondary sources.This volume is an excellent account for researchers as there is hardly any comparative study on the bureaucracy of the two eras.

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Khizar Jawad is serving as Lecturer in History, Forman Christian College (A Charted University), Lahore (Pakistan). He has M.Sc and M.Phil in History from Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad.His research areas are bureaucracy of Pakistan and Modern Muslim World. He is working on his Ph.D. titled The Higher Bureaucracy in Pakistan:(1977-2008) .

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