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In reaction to the centralizing nation-building efforts of states in nineteenth-century Europe, many regions began to define their own identity. In thirteen stimulating essays, specialists analyze why regional identities became widely celebrated towards the end of that century and why some considered themselves part of the new national self-image.

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Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors Introduction; J.Augusteijn & E.Storm PART I: TRANSNATIONAL Historiographical Approaches to Sub-national Identities in Europe: A Reappraisal and some Suggestions; X-M.Nunez The Birth of Regionalism and the Crisis of Reason: France, Germany and Spain; E.Storm PART II: CENTRALISED NATION-STATES National Diversity, Regionalism and Decentralism in France; T.Baycroft Regionalism in Italy: a Critique; S.Cavazzo PART III: CONTINENTAL EMPIRES Regionalism, Federalism and Nationalism in the German Empire; S.Weichlein How to run a multilingual society: Statehood, administration and regional dynamics in Austria-Hungary, 1867-1914; P.Haslinger PART IV: REGION, NATION, EMPIRE The Empire, the Nation, and the Homelands: Nineteenth-Century Spain´s National Idea; J.Fradera ´A Mere Geographical Expression´? Scotland and Scottish Identity, c. 1890-1914; A.Newby PART V: COMPETING REGIONAL MOVEMENTS The Gaelic and the Northumbrian: Separatism and Regionalism in the UK, 1890-1920; R.Colls Irish Nationalism and Unionism between State, Region and Nation; J.Augusteijn Nationalist versus Regionalist? The Flemish and Walloon movements in Belle Epoque Belgium; M.Van Ginderachter PART VI: LANGUAGE AND RELIGION The Consequences of Transport by Steam: Dutch Nationalism and Frisian Regionalism in the Nineteenth Century; G.Jensma Inadvertent Allies: Catholicism and Regionalism in a German-Polish Borderland; J.Bjork Concluding Remarks; J.Augusteijn & E.Storm Index

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"Volume aims to do two things: first to provide an overview of recent research on regionalism and regional separatism; and second, to use a comparative approach in order to challenge existing (mis)conceptions and introduce new approaches to the study of regions and regionalism. ... a useful introduction to the range of approaches that historians of modern Europe take to sub-state regionalism, as well as to the different roles that modern regional identities have played in European states and Empires." (Caitlin E. Murdock, European History Quarterly, Vol. 46 (1), 2016)

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