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of Volume 2.- IV: Applications of Heat Transfer in Medicine.- 16 Analysis of Heat Transfer and Temperature Distributions in Tissues During Local and Whole-Body Hyperthermia.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Distributed Parameter Approach.- 3. Lumped Parameter Approach.- 4. Thermal Energy Absorbed during Ultrasound, Microwave, and Radiofrequency Heating.- 5. Temperature Distributions during Normothermia.- 6. Temperature Distributions during Hyperthermia.- 7. Summary and Recommendations.- 17 Temperature Fields and Lesion Sizes in Electrosurgery and Induction Thermocoagulation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Analysis.- 3. Summary.- 18 Analysis of Skin Burns.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Physiology of Skin.- 3. Physiological Aspects of the Burn Injury.- 4. Determination of Burn Injury from the Temperature-Time History.- 5. Cooling Therapy for Burn Wounds.- 6. Quantification of the Microscopic Response to Burns.- 7. Conclusion.- 19 Laser Irradiation of Tissue.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Laser Principles.- 3. Laser Safety.- 4. Medical Applications.- 5. A Thermal Model of Laser Irradiation of Tissue.- 6. Measurement and Prediction of Thermal Damage in the Retina.- 7. Summary and Recommendations for Future Work.- 20 Preservation of Biological Material by Freezing and Thawing.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Aspects of Low-Temperature Preservation.- 3. Osmosis.- 4. General Responses of Biomaterials to Freezing and Thawing.- 5. Mechanisms of Freeze-Thaw Damage.- 6. Applied Cryobiology.- 7. Thermodynamic Models and Cryobiology.- 8. Cryomicroscopy.- 9. Summary.- 21 Thermal Analysis for Cryosurgery.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Background.- 3. Bioheat Transfer Models.- 4. Maximum Lesion Size.- 5. Rate of Lesion Growth.- 6. Steady-State Results and Applications.- 7. Evaluating the Rate of Lesion Growth.- 8. Comparison of Lesion Growth Computational Methods.- 9. Cryosurgical Atlas.- 22 Analysis of Heat Exchange During Cooling and Rewarming in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Procedures.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Heat Exchanger Analysis.- 3. Whole-Body Heat Exchanger Models.- 4. Summary and Recommendations for Future Work.- 23 Heat and Water Transport in the Human Respiratory System.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Anatomy of the Respiratory System.- 3. Physiological Measurements.- 4. Models.- 5. Summary.- 24 Heat Transfer in Teeth.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Tooth.- 3. Thermal Response in "Normal" Teeth.- 4. Thermal Factors due to Tooth Repair.- 5. Implications of Preventive Processes.- 6. Fundamentals of Thermal Analysis.- 7. Future Directions.- 25 Analysis and Application of Thermography in Medical Diagnosis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Instrumentation.- 3. Optical Properties of Skin.- 4. Control of the Clinic Environment.- 5. Applications of Thermography.- 6. Relationship of Blood Flow to Temperature Pattern.- 7. Summary.- 26 Computer-Aided Tomographic Thermography.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Governing Equation and Relevant Parameters.- 3. Separating the Perfusion and Metabolic-Heating Terms.- 4. Effects of Metabolic Heating.- 5. Effects of Blood Perfusion.- 6. A Numerical Simulation.- 7. Conclusions.- V: Selected Topics.- 27 Temperature Measurement.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Temperature Scales.- 3. Thermometer Probes.- 4. Thermography.- 5. Calibration.- 6. Thermometry in Therapeutic Electromagnetic Field-Induced Heating.- 7. Thermometry in Therapeutic Ultrasound-Induced Heating.- 8. Summary.- 28 Sensitivity Analysis of Errors Induced in the Determination of Tissue Perfusion.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Analysis.- 3. Results.- 4. Discussion.- Appendix 2 Selected Thermophysical Properties of Biological Materials.- Appendix 3 Finite-Difference and Finite-Element Methods of Solution.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Finite Difference.- 3. Finite Element.- 4. Conclusion.

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