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Revision with unchanged content. Britain s relationship with the European Union has never been straight forward. Edward Heath negotiated British membership, but his successor Harold Wilson cited it as the cause of economic stagnation. Margaret Thatcher famously fought with her handbag for a massive rebate payment, and though John Major wanted to put Britian at the heart of Europe he nearly losts his job over an opt-out from the Maastricht treaty. Tony Blair came to power with hopes of taking Britain into the Euro, but his enthusiasm was blocked by the five tests of his Chancellor Gordon Brown. Popular per ceptions pit Anglo-Saxon neo-liberal economics against the European social model where the former has no social conscience whilst the latter seeks social justice as part of economic stability. If Britain cares about the gap bet ween its richest and its poorest citizens, then surely closer alignment with the EU would make for popular politics but no: euroscepticism is a strong trend in British political life, entrenched in the political establishment, the tabloid press, and in the myths of Britishness embedded in the national con sciousness.

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holds degrees from the Universities of Edinburgh, Oxford, Berlin Humboldt and the London Institute of Education where he qualified as a secondary school teacher.He currently teaches at Ilford County High School in east London and is working on a doctorate at King s College London.

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