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Commissioned by the Swiss Federation of Manual Medicine and under the patronage of FIMM (International Federation of Manual Medicine) we conducted an international seminar during the week following the 7th Inter national Congress of FIMM (Zuerich/Switzerland - September 1983). Thirty Manual Medicine experts had come together in the education center of the Cloister Fischingen secluded in the eastern part of Switzerland and away from any city life, to discuss in a week long seminar the status of Man ual Medicine. Working together in the form of several groups, the following points were emphasized: - terminology - diagnostic criteria (are Manual Medicine findings reproducible?) - therapeutic interventions (degree of congruity of treatment plans) The participants demonstrated great enthusiasm and commitment, and so it was possible to have the content of the individual group´s discussion com municated to and presented for further scrutiny to all participants during the seminar week. As members of the organizing committee and as the editors of this publica tion, we hope to help establish a more standardized international terminolo gy concerning the field of Manual Medicine. As this clinical trial (investigating the diagnostic reliability and the therapeu tic efficiency of MM) shows, factors such as terminology, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic plans are a prerequisite for multi-center studies.

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1 Group Approach and Didactic Considerations.- 2 Controlled Patient Examination Trials.- 2.1 Can Manual Medicine Findings Be Reproduced?.- 2.2 Findings and Results (Diagnosis and Therapy).- 3 Cranio-Cervical Junction.- 3.1 General Remarks Concerning the Cranio-Cervical Junction.- 3.1.1 General Considerations.- 3.1.2 Diagnosis.- 3.1.3 Treatment.- 3.2 Biomechanics of the Cranio-Cervical Junction.- 3.2.1 Atlanto-Occipital Joint.- 3.2.2 Atlanto-Axial Joint.- 3.3 Diagnosis.- 3.3.1 Diagnostic Criteria Specific to the Cranio-Cervical Junction.- 3.3.2 Soft Tissue Examination.- 3.3.3 Motion Testing.- 3.4 Treatment.- 3.4.1 Soft Tissue Treatment.- 3.4.2 Mobilization Without Impulse (No Thrust).- 3.4.3 Mobilization With Impulse (Thrust Techniques).- 3.4.4 Muscle Rehabilitation.- 4 Mid-Cervical Spine, Cervico-Thoracic Junction and Ribs.- 4.1 Mid-Cervical Spine and Cervico-Thoracic Junction - Biomechanical Considerations.- 4.1.1 Apophyseal Joints.- 4.1.2 Uncovertebral Joints.- 4.1.3 Soft Tissues.- 4.2 Diagnosis.- 4.2.1 Diagnostic Criteria in the Assessment of Motion and Soft Tissues Relating to the Lower Cervical Spine and the Cervico-Thoracic Junction.- 4.2.2 Soft Tissue Examination.- 4.2.3 Motion Testing.- 4.2.4 Neuromuscular Examination.- Treatment.- 4.3.1 General Remarks Regarding Treatment Procedures.- 4.3.2 Mobilization Without Impulse (No Thrust).- 4.3.3 Mobilization With Impulse (Thrust Techniques).- 4.3.4 Muscle Rehabilitation.- 4.4 Summary.- 4.4.1 Diagnosis.- 4.4.2 Treatment and Techniques.- 4.4.3 Disagreement.- 5 Thoracic Spine, Thoraco-Lumbar Junction and Ribs.- 5.1 Biomechanics of the Thoracic Spine and Thoraco Lumbar Junction.- 5.2 Diagnosis.- 5.2.1 Diagnostic Criteria Regarding for the Thoracic Spine and the Thoraco-Lumbar Junction.- 5.2.2 Soft Tissue Examination.- 5.2.3 Motion Testing.- 5.2.4 Neuromuscular Examination.- 5.3 Therapy.- 5.3.1 Soft Tissue Treatment.- 5.3.2 Mobilization Without Impulse (No Thrust).- 5.3.3 Mobilization With Impulse (Thrust Techniques).- 5.3.4 Muscle Rehabilitation.- 5.4 Summary.- 6 Lumbar Spine, Sacroiliac Joint.- 6.1 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine, Lumbo-Sacral Junction and Sacroiliac Joints.- 6.2 Diagnosis.- 6.2.1 Diagnostic Criteria for the Lumbar Spine, Lumbo-Sacral Junction and Sacroiliac Joints.- 6.2.2 Tissue Texture Examination.- 6.2.3 Motion Testing.- 6.2.4 Neuromuscular Evaluation.- 6.3 Treatment.- 6.3.1 Treatment - Procedures - General Comments.- 6.3.2 Soft Tissue Treatment.- 6.3.3 Mobilization Without Impulse (No Thrust).- 6.3.4 Mobilization Techniques With Impulse (Thrust).- 6.3.5 Muscle Rehabilitation.- 6.4 Summary.

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