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Akteure und Strukturen

Studien zur vergleichenden empirischen Sozialforschung

Herausgegeben von Hans-Jürgen Andreß, Detlef Fetchenhauer, Karsten Hank, André Kaiser und Heiner Meulemann, Universität Köln

Im Wettbewerb der Volkswirtschaften ist die Governance von Innovation und Wissenstransfer ein zentraler Faktor. Michael Ortiz vergleicht für die Automobilbranche und die Biotechnologie, wie die Innovationsregime in Deutschland, Großbritannien und Spanien
gestaltet werden. Er liefert damit wichtige Erkenntnisse zu den Gründen für ökonomische Erfolge und Misserfolge in den betrachteten Ländern und Regionen.

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Contents

Preface9

1. Introduction11

2. Discussing Central Concepts and Definitions21

2.1 Knowledge Transfer: Economic Action and Knowledge Economy21

2.1.1 The Emergence of Knowledge Economy21

2.1.2 What Is "Knowledge" and How Can It Be "Transferred"? 22

2.2 The Institutional Embeddedness of Innovation and Learning 29

2.2.1 Defining Innovation29

2.2.2 The Systemic Character of Innovation and Knowledge Transfer32

2.2.3 A Sociological Perspective on Innovation Systems35

2.2.4 The "Governance" of Social Systems of Innovation

and Production37

2.3 Production Regimes: Institutional Frameworks for

Knowledge Transfer41

2.3.1 National Production Regimes-The Varieties-of-Capitalism-

Approach43

2.3.2 Liberal and Coordinated Market Economies44

2.3.3Institutional Coherence, Complementarity and

Modes of Innovation47

2.3.4 Criticizing the Varieties-of-Capitalism-Approach50

2.4 The Innovation Systems Approach-Spatial Dimensions

of Innovation55

2.4.1 National Innovation Systems56

2.4.2 Regional Innovation Systems-Approaching a Fuzzy Concept59

2.5 A Heuristic Model of Regional Knowledge Transfer Systems86

3. Hypothesizing Structures and Mechanisms of Knowledge Transfer

in Varieties of Capitalism94

3.1 Hypothesized Structures and Mechanisms in CMEs95

3.2 Hypothesized Structures and Mechanisms in LMEs101

3.3 Hypothesized Structures and Mechanisms in MMEs104

3.4 Summary108

4. A Qualitative Approach to Innovation System Analysis110

4.1 Conceptualizing an Internationally Comparative Qualitative

Case Study: The Choice for a Qualitative Approach110

4.2 Sampling Strategies and Selection Criteria114

4.3 Selecting the National and Regional Cases120

4.4 The Guideline-Based Expert Interview as Research Method123

4.5 Selection of Experts as Units of Observation125

4.6 Evaluation Methods: Aggregation and Triangulation127

4.7 Quality Criteria and Analytical Generalization of the Results132

5. Germany-Knowledge Transfer Systems in a

Coordinated Economy137

5.1 The German Economy-Conserving Industrial Structures137

5.2 The Case of Baden-Württemberg144

5.2.1 Locating Baden-Württemberg in the German Context144

5.2.2 Structures and Mechanisms of Knowledge Transfer in

Baden-Württemberg: Six Governance Dimensions151

5.2.3 Summary.183

5.3 The Case of the Metropolitan Region Hannover Braunschweig

Göttingen Wolfsburg188

5.3.1 Locating the Metropolitan Region HBGW in the

German Context188

5.3.2 Structures and Mechanisms of Knowledge Transfer in the

Metropolitan Region HBGW: Six Governance Dimensions196

5.3.3 Summary230

5.4 Lessons from the German Case236

6. Spain-Knowledge Transfer Systems in a

Mediterranean Economy243

6.1 The Spanish Economy-Some Structural Facts.243

6.2 The Case of Catalonia250

6.2.1 Locating Catalonia in the Spanish Context250

6.2.2 Structures and Mechanisms of Knowledge Transfer in

Catalonia: Six Governance Dimensions256

6.2.3 Summary285

6.3 The Case of the Madrid Community292

6.3.1 Locating the Madrid Community in the Spanish Context292

6.3.2 Structures and Mechanisms of Knowledge Transfer the

Madrid Community: Six Governance Dimensions298

6.3.3 Summary327

6.4 Lessons from the Spanish Case332

7. UK-Knowledge Transfer Systems in a Liberal Market Economy340

7.1 The UK Economy-A Service Dominated Economy340

7.2 The East of England Case348

7.2.1 Locating the East of England in the UK Context348

7.2.2 Structures and Mechanisms of Knowledge Transfer in the

East of England: Six Governance Dimensions355

7.2.3 Summary382

7.3 The Greater London Case388

7.3.1 Locating the Greater London Region in the UK Context388

7.3.2 Structures and Mechanisms of Knowledge Transfer in

Greater London: Six Governance Dimensions395

7.3.3 Summary415

7.4 Lessons from the UK Case421

8. Conclusions430

8.1 Towards a Theory of Kno

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