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45 downwards because (j on the average increases with height; but this conclusion does not follow from (18.3) when the dependency of Kc upon ~o is taken into consideration. s 2 ERTELl and PRIESTLEY and SWINBANK have shown that the upward eddy flux of sensible heat must be larger than indicated by (18.3), because this formula does not account for the fact that rising eddies are systematically warmer than sinking eddies because of the effect of buoyancy. The reader is referred to the reviews by SUTTON [22], [23] and PRIESTLEY and SHEP PARD [15) for further details concerning eddy-flux of heat and turbulent diffusion. 19. RICHARDSON´S criterion. The right-hand side of (15.10) represents the rate of production of eddy energy. The last term represents energy loss by dissipation; in order that the eddy energy shall be maintained, it is therefore necessary that P div V" - (! V" v" . grad. v O.

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Dynamic Meteorology.- I. Basic theory.- a) Physical properties of atmospheric air.- b) Basic equations of physical hydrodynamics.- c) The quasi-static equations.- d) Equilibrium states.- e) Atmospheric turbulence.- II. Adiabatic and frictionless motions. Stability properties and the theory of small-amplitude oscillations and waves.- a) Motion under the influence of gravity on a resting earth.- b) Axially symmetric motions in a circular vortex.- c) Two-dimensional disturbances of linear currents and vortices.- d) Wave motions in zonal currents.- III. Non-linear prognostic equations for the large-scale motions.- a) Filtering approximations.- b) Simplified atmospheric models.- IV. Cyclones and anticyclones.- V. The general circulation.- General references.- Strahlung in der unteren Atmosphäre.- A. Die Sonnenstrahlung.- B. Die Himmelsstrahlung.- C. Die langwellige Wärmestrahlung in der Atmosphäre.- D. Überblick.- Literatur.- Vision through the Atmosphere.- I. The extinction of light in the atmosphere.- a) Extinction by pure air.- b) Extinction by spherical particles.- II. The alteration of contrast by the atmosphere.- a) Theory of the air light.- b) The reduction of contrast.- III. The relevant properties of the eye.- IV. Visual range of objects in natural light.- a) Visual range of objects seen against the sky.- b) Visual range of objects seen against terrestrial backgrounds.- c) Visual range through telescopic systems.- d) Limitations of the theory.- V. Visual range of light sources.- VI. Visual range of objects in a searchlight beam.- VII. The effect of the atmosphere on the apparent colors of objects.- VIII. Instrumentation.- General references.- Polarization of Skylight.- A. Introduction.- B. Theory of skylight polarization.- C. Measurements of skylight polarization.- D. Practical application of the investigation of skylight polarization.- Diffusion des radiations par les gouttes d´eau en suspension dans l´atmosphère.- A. Diffusion des radiations par une goutte d´eau.- I. Théorie électromagnétique.- II. Théorie basée sur les lois de la réflexion, de la réfraction et de la diffraction.- B. Transmission et diffusion de la lumière par un nuage de gouttelettes.- I. Transmission des radiations par les atmosphères diffusantes.- II. Diffusion des radiations par les nuages de gouttelettes (brume, nuages, pluie).- Bibliographie générale.- Ozon in der Erdatmosphäre.- A. Übersicht.- B. Das Absorptionsspektrum des Ozons.- C. Die Meßmethoden für das atmosphärische Ozon.- I. Die optischen Methoden.- II. Die chemische Ozonmessung.- D. Photochemische Theorie des Ozons.- E. Schwankungen der vertikalen Ozonverteilung.- F. Die Variationen des Ozonwertes x0.- G. Ozonschicht und der Zustand der Stratosphäre.- Bibliographie.- Geophysical Aspects of Meteors.- Sound Propagation in Air.- References.- The Physics of Clouds.- I. General considerations.- II. Forms of clouds.- a) Classification.- b) Characteristics of cloud forms.- III. The initial stages of condensation, condensation nuclei.- IV. The growth of droplets in cloud and fog.- a) Observational results.- b) Theoretical studies of cloud-droplet growth.- V. The initial stages of ice formation, ice-forming nuclei.- VI. The growth of ice crystals.- VII. The formation of precipitation.- VIII. The artifical stimulation of precipitation.- References.- Atmosphärische Elektrizität.- A. Überblick.- B. Elektrische Ladungen in der Atmosphäre, Erzeugung und Vernichtung.- a) Ionisatoren der Atmosphäre.- b) Andere ladungserzeugende Effekte.- c) Ladungsvernichtende Effekte.- d) Das Ionisationsgleichgewicht und die Leitfähigkeit der Luft.- C. Das luftelektrische Feld.- D. Die elektrischen Ströme in der Atmosphäre.- E. Die Elektrizitätsbilanz in der Atmosphäre.- Bibliographie.- Oceanography.- A. ntroduction.- B. Oceanographic instruments and methods.- C. The ocean basins.- D. The waters of the oceans.- E. The sea-air boundary layer.- F. The heat budget of the oceans.- G. General

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