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A history of what it meant to be a man, and a citizen of an emerging nation throughout the nineteenth century. This book not only relates how Belgians were taught how to move and fight, but also how they spoke and sang to express masculinity and patriotism.

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Three Anthems, a Flag and a Tenor: Introduction PART I: SPACES 1. Men in Space: The Construction of All-Male Spaces 2. Movements in Space: Choreographies of Masculinity PART II: SOUNDS 3. Singing the Nation, Singing the Self 4. Men´s Sounds and Silences Conclusion: Soundscapes of Gender and Nation

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"This book not only takes a novel approach to the history of national citizenship in Belgium; it also achieves a new understanding of public masculinities throughby applying theories of space and sound". - Professor John Tosh, University of Roehampton, UK

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Josephine Hoegaerts is a Historian and a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the University of Leuven, Belgium. Her research focuses on gender, politics and vocal culture in nineteenth century Europe.

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