---

This volume includes contributions from the organizers and advisory board members of the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) II project. These contributions are designed to enhance the scientific understanding of how people start businesses.

---

This research program began in 1993. The idea of developing representative samples of those active in the business creation process, now called nascent entrepreneurs, developed from the success of using regional characteristics to 1 predict variations in new firm birth rates in six countries. The initial purpose was to determine those external factors that encouraged individuals to initiate the business creation process and become, as they are now called, nascent entrepreneurs. The research procedures, mainly the critical aspects of the scre- ing procedures, were developed with the Survey Research Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin in Madison to complete the Wisconsin Entrepreneurial 2 Climate Study. Support for an initial test with a national sample was provided by the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. Richard Curtin became involved with the incorporation of the screening module as part 3 of the Survey of Consumers in October and November in 1993. The success of these efforts in providing a detailed description of the ent- preneurial process based on representative samples led to substantial interest among entrepreneurial scholars. A founding team of Nancy Carter, William Gartner, and Paul Reynolds was able to organize the Entrepreneurial Research Consortium (ERC), a collaborative network of 34 research units that shared the financial cost and sweat equity required to implement the first national project, 4 PSED I.

---

Nascent Entrepreneurs.- Social Motives in the PSED II.- Contextual Motivation and Growth Aspirations Among Nascent Entrepreneurs.- Family Background and Influence on Nascent Entrepreneurs.- Start-Up Teams.- Owner Contributions and Equity.- Business Owner Demography, Human Capital, and Social Networks.- Owner Founders, Nonowner Founders and Helpers.- The Start-Up Process.- Institutional Isomorphism, Business Planning, and Business Plan Revision: The Differential Impact on Teams Versus Solo Entrepreneurs.- The Role of Human and Social Capital and Technology in Nascent Ventures.- Financing the Emerging Firm: Comparisons Between PSED I and PSED II.- Emergence of a New Firm.- Reconceiving the Gestation Window: The Consequences of Competing Definitions of Firm Conception and Birth.- Start-Up Activities and New Firm Characteristics.- Cross-Study Comparisons.- PSED II and the Comprehensive Australian Study of Entrepreneurial Emergence [CAUSEE].- PSED II and the Kauffman Firm Survey.- Future Opportunities.

---