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These are the proceedings of the Symposium 3 of JENAM 2011 on new scientific challenges posed by the Sun. The topics covered are

1. The unusual sunspot minimum, which poses challenges to the solar dynamo theory

2. The Sun´s Terra-Hertz emission, which opens a new observational window

3. Corona wave activity

4. Space weather agents - initiation, propagation, and forecasting

In 21 in-depth contributions, the reader will be presented with the latest findings.

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1. The unusual sunspot minimum - challenge to the solar dynamo theory.- 2. The evolution of cyclic activity of the Sun in the context of physical processes on late-type stars.- 3. Long-term variations of the solar supergranulation size according to the observations in CaIIK line.- 4. On the Problem of Heat Transport in the Solar Atmosphere.- 5. Dynamics of the electrical currents in coronal magnetic loops.- 6. Observations of solar flares from GHz to THz frequencies.- 7. On the Interaction of Solar Rotational Discontinuities with a Contact Discontinuity Inside the Solar Transition Region as a Source of Plasma Heating in the Solar Corona.- 8. Complex magnetic evolution and magnetic helicity in the solar Atmosphere.- 9. On Our Ability to Predict Major Solar Flares.- 10. Chormospheric Evaporation in Solar Flares.- 11. Evolutionary of Discontinuous Plasma Flows in the Vicinity of Reconnecting Current Layers.- 12. Analytical Models of Generalized Syrovatskiis Current Layer with MHD Shock Waves.- 13. Solar Convection And Self-Similar Atmospheres Structures.- 14. SDO in Pulkovo Observatory.- 15. Variations of microwave emission and MDI topology in the Active Region NOAA 10030 before and during the power flare series.- 16. Scenario of evolution of the epoch of minimum at the final stage of Cycle 23.- 17. Solar magnetic fields as a clue for the mystery of the permanent solar wind and the solar corona.- 18. Two types of coronal bright points in the 24-th cycle of solar activity.- 19. The Self-Similar Shrinkage of Force-Free Magnetic Flux Ropes in a Passive Medium of Finite Conductivity.- 20. Solar Activity Indices In The Cycles 21-23.- 21. Coronal Mass Ejections on the Sun and their Relationship with Flares and Magnetic Helicity.

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