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Based on findings of the multidisciplinary three-year TRANS-NET research project, this book examines the complex and multi-level processes of migrant transnationalism in four examples: India-United Kingdom, Morocco-France, Turkey-Germany and Estonia-Finland.

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People´s transnational ties and activities are acquiring ever greater importance and topicality in today´s world. The focus of this book lies in the complex and multi-level processes of migrant transnationalism in four transnational spaces: India-UK, Morocco-France and Turkey-Germany and Estonia-Finland. The main question is, how people´s activities across national borders emerge, function, and change, and how are they related to the processes of governance in increasingly complex and interconnected world?

The book is based on the findings of a three-year research project TRANS-NET which brough together internationally acknowledged experts from Europe, Asia and Africa. As no single discipline could investigate all the components of the topic in question, the project adopted a multi-disciplinary approach: among the contributors, there are sociologists, policy analysts, political scientists, social and cultural anthropologists, educational scientists, and economists.

The chapters show that people´s transnational linkages and migration across national boundaries entail manifold political, economic, social, cultural and educational implications. Although political-social-economic-educational transformations fostered by migrant transnationalism constitute the main topic of the book, the starting assumption is that the large-scale institutional and actor-centred patterns of transformation come about through a constellation of parallel processes.

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Pirkko Pitkänen: Introduction.- Kaveri Qureshi, V. J. Varghese, Filippo Osella and S. Irudaya Rajan: Migration, transnationalism and ambivalence: The Punjab-UK linkage.- Anna Virkama, Catherine Therrien, Nouredine Harrami and A‹ssa Kadri: Franco-Moroccan transnational space: Continuity and transformations.- Jürgen Gerdes, Eveline Reisenauer and Deniz Sert: Varying transnational and multicultural activities in the Turkish-German migration context.- Mari-Liis Jakobson, Pauliina Järvinen-Alenius, Pirkko Pitkänen, Rein Ruutsoo, Elisa Keski-Hirvelä and Leif Kalev: The emergence of Estonian-Finnish transnational space.- Pirkko Pitkänen, Ahmet I‡duygu and Deniz Sert: Conclusions.- Biographical notes.

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