---

This publication is part of the International Max Planck Information System for Comparative Criminal Law, a project at the heart of the Institute´s comparative legal research. One of its primary objectives is to develop a universal meta-structure of criminal law that can serve as the basis for the organization of material, enable systematic comparisons, and further the development of an international criminal law doctrine. A second goal of the project is to provide access to data from the participating legal systems in the form of country reports organized on the basis of the aforementioned universal meta-structure.

---

"Die Landesberichte liefern eine reiche Fülle an Informationen und Hinweisen, die sehr wichtig sein können als Ausgangspunkt für weitere Forschungsarbeit für ein bestimmtes rechtsvergleichendes Projekt.[...] Die Länderberichte sind nämlich unabhängig von diesem Gesamtprojekt eine unschätzbare Hilfe für viele rechtsvergleichenden Arbeiten. [...] Verlässlich als Grundlage zu dienen, ist das große Verdienst der vier Länderberichte." Prof. Dr. Otto Lagodny, in: Goltdammer s Archiv für Strafrecht, 3/2017

---

This publication is part of the International Max Planck Information System for Comparative Criminal Law, a project at the heart of the Institute´s comparative legal research. One of its primary objectives is to develop a universal meta-structure of criminal law that can serve as the basis for the organization of material, enable systematic comparisons, and further the development of an international criminal law doctrine. This meta-structure is also a prerequisite for analyzing the various approaches taken around the world to shared criminal law-related problems, identifying general legal principles, and drafting international model codes. A second goal of the project is to provide access to data from the participating legal systems in the form of country reports organized on the basis of the aforementioned universal meta-structure.

Towards these ends, a pilot project was carried out to analyze, structure, and present the general part of the criminal law in twelve legal systems. The results were published in five volumes from 2008 to 2010 (in German). In the meantime, the project is being continued in English, and the number of legal systems included in the study has grown considerably - with contributions from researchers at the Max Planck Institute as well as from external research partners. This volume contains fruits of this expansion (Australia, Japan, Russia, Switzerland, Uganda) as well as translated, revised reports from the pilot project (Turkey).

---

Foreword

List of legal orders included and contributing authors

Comprehensive summary of project

Detailed outline of country reports in volume 4.1

Punishable conduct prior to the completion of an offense - Parties to crime - Criminal liability in companies, associations, and other collective legal entities

- Australia
- Japan
- Russia
- Switzerland
- Turkey
- Uganda

Editors and authors

---