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Accurate assessments of contaminant concentrations based on traditional grab sampling methods are not always possible. Very large sample volumes are required to accurately sample contaminants at low levels and there is often low recovery of polar compounds in liquid to liquid extraction techniques. There are various types of samplers with different design characteristics proposed for the sampling of aquatic pollutants of different polarities. Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCISs) have been designed to sequester and concentrate polar organic chemicals. The POCISs enable the estimation of the cumulative aqueous exposure to bioavailable hydrophilic organic chemicals and permit the estimation/determination of the biologically relevant time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations. This book is unique in bringing together guidance for postgraduate students and young researchers to work on development of Passive Sampling Techniques and thier accuracy in Environmental Monitoring. The perfornace of solute transfer rate and the strengths and weaknesses of applicability of this technology are considered.

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Hamidreza Sharifan was born in 1983, Sabzevar , Iran. He received his Master s degree in Air Quality Control, Solid Waste and Waste Water Process Engineering from the University of Stuttgart in Germany. He is currently doing his phD in Environmental Engineering at Old Dominion University in USA.

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