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Academic Formula Instructional Framework is based on a study conducted among English as a second language (ESL) writers enrolled in an academic writing course at a selected institution of higher learning in Malaysia. The study was conducted to address the problem of poor academic writing performance among undergraduates due to poor academic vocabulary repertoire. An academic formula instructional framework was developed to operationalise academic formula instruction in an academic writing course employing a process-oriented writing approach. This book offers an overview of writing theories, formulaic language as well as past experimental and intervention studies related to formula instruction. In addition to providing scholarly research analysis, the book presented a pedagogical framework for academic formula instruction which may be useful for practitioners and researchers alike. The framework can be practically adapted and used for both action research and classroom instruction.

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Nor Ashikin Ab Manan is an English language lecturer from the Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perak Campus, Malaysia. Her doctoral degree was conferred by Universiti Sains Malaysia. She has a Masters degree from the University of Stirling, Scotland, U.K. and a Bachelor of Science from the Ohio State University, U.S.A.

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