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The application of optical methods for investigating neocortical circuit dynamics has greatly expanded in recent years, providing novel insights into the fascinating world of brain function. Optical Imaging of Neocortical Dynamics presents a guide to these indispensible tools, which cover a broad range of spatiotemporal scales and a large variety of signaling aspects, ranging from voltage changes to metabolic states. This detailed volume specifically explores methods that are applied in experiments on living brains (in vivo) and that relate to functional properties on the spatial scale of cortical circuits. Beginning with an introductory section that focuses on physical fundamentals of optical imaging as well as molecular tools used for in vivo optical imaging and optogenetic control, the book continues with the most relevant methods and their applications to investigate changes in neuronal and glial activity states as well as optical imaging methods probing metabolic states. Written for the Neuromethods series, this volume contains the kind of detail and key implementation advice that ensures successful results in the lab.

Practical and easy to use, Optical Imaging of Neocortical Dynamics serves as an ideal guide for researchers who aim to apply these highly valuable tools to their own neuroscientific studies.

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Part I: Fundamentals of Using Light to Study Neocortical Dynamics

1. Neocortex in the Spotlight: Concepts, Questions, and Methods

Fritjof Helmchen and Bruno Weber

2. Principles and Fundamentals of Optical Imaging

Frank Scheffold

3. Optical Properties of Neural Tissue

Andrew K. Dunn

4. Fluorescent Indicators for Functional Optical Imaging

Walther Akemann, Hiroki Mutoh, and Thomas Knöpfel

5. Optogenetic Tools for Control of Neural Activity

Lief E. Fenno and Karl Deisseroth

Part II: Shedding Light on Cortical Activity States

6. In Vivo Dendritic Mapping of Sensory Inputs in Cortical Neurons

Hongbo Jia and Arthur Konnerth

7. In Vivo Population Imaging of Dendritic Integration in Neocortex

Masanori Murayama and Matthew E. Larkum

8. Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging of Cortical Dynamics

Carl C.H. Petersen

9. Two-Photon Imaging of Neuronal Network Dynamics in Neocortex

Benjamin F. Grewe, Fritjof Helmchen, and Björn M. Kampa

10. Chronic Two-Photon Imaging of Neural Activity in the Anesthetized and Awake Behaving Rodent

David J. Margolis, Henry Lütcke, Fritjof Helmchen, Bruno Weber, and Florent Haiss

11. Neocortical Circuit Interrogation with Optogenetics

Lief E. Fenno and Karl Deisseroth

Part III: Elucidating Metabolic States of Cortical Circuits

12. Imaging of Astrocytic Activity in Living Rodents

Norio Takata, Yoshiaki Shinohara, Masamichi Ohkura, Tsuneko Mishima, Junichi Nakai, and Hajime Hirase

13. Imaging Morphology and Function of Cortical Microglia

Bianca Brawek and Olga Garaschuk

14. Functional Imaging of Cerebral Oxygenation with Intrinsic Optical Contrast and Phosphorescent Probes

Anna Devor, Sava Sakadzic, Mohammad A. Yaseen, Emmanuel Roussakis, Peifang Tian, Hamutal Slovin, Ivo Vanzetta, Ivan Teng, Payam A. Saisan, Louise E. Sinks, Anders M. Dale, Sergei A. Vinogradov, and David A. Boas

15. Laser Speckle Imaging of Cerebral Blood Flow

Pavel Zakharov, Frank Scheffold, and Bruno Weber

16. Two-Photon Microscopy to Measure Blood Flow and Concurrent Brain Cell Activity

Andy Y. Shih, Jonathan D. Driscoll, Michael J. Pesavento, and David Kleinfeld

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