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It is a well-known fact that race has an influence on the pulpal system, and most studies conducted to examine the root canal morphology of maxillary premolars are conducted in the west. There are very few studies so far to assess the canal morphology of maxillary premolars in the Asian subcontinent with no reviews to ascertain the prevalence of various canal morphologies. A variation in pulp morphology occurs commonly and is considered normal. Endodontic failures on premolars are important mainly due to missed canals as a result of insufficient knowledge of the typical anatomical diversity shown by premolars. This book is part of the authors´ thesis research which was carried out to examine the degree of variations seen in the maxillary first premolar in a Pakistani population. The teeth were diaphonized to obtain a three-dimensional view of the root canal system, with details of the diaphonization technique adopted by the author.

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I am a clinician, a researcher and an academician currently working as a Lecturer in Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry in Malaysia. After completing my Bachelors in Dental Surgery and my Post Graduate training in Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, I worked as an Assistant Professor in a Private University Hospital in Pakistan.

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