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Now fully revised and up-to-date, Expert DDx: Brain and Spine , second edition, quickly guides you to the most likely differential diagnoses based on key imaging findings and clinical information . It presents more than 250 of the top differential diagnoses across a broad spectrum of central nervous system diseases, encompassing specific anatomic locations, generic imaging findings, modality-specific findings, and clinically based indications. Every reader will have expert guidance for defining and reporting useful, actionable differential diagnoses that lead to definitive findings in every area of the brain and spine.

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SKULL AND BRAIN

Scalp, Skull

Anatomically Based Differentials

Skull Normal Variants

Scalp Mass, Child

Scalp Mass, Adult

Congenital Anomalies of Skull Base

Sellar/Parasellar Mass With Skull Base Invasion

Generic Imaging Patterns

"Hair on End"

Thick Skull, Generalized

Thick Skull, Localized

Thin Skull, Generalized

Thin Skull, Localized

Lytic Skull Lesion, Solitary

Multiple Lucent Skull Lesions

Sclerotic Skull Lesion, Solitary

Sclerotic Skull Lesions, Multiple

Clinically Based Differentials

Macrocephaly

Microcephaly

Meninges

Anatomically Based Differentials

Dural Calcification(s)

Dural-Based Mass, Solitary

Dural-Based Masses, Multiple

Falx Lesions

Generic Imaging Patterns

Thick Dura/Arachnoid, Generalized

Pial Enhancement

Dural Tail Sign

Ventricles, Periventricular Regions

Anatomically Based Differentials

Ventricles, Normal Variants

Choroid Plexus Lesions, Child

Choroid Plexus Lesions, Adult

Ependymal/Subependymal Lesions

Lateral Ventricle MassThick Septum Pellucidum

Foramen of Monro Mass

3rd Ventricle Mass, Anterior

3rd Ventricle Mass, Body/Posterior

Cerebral Aqueduct/Periaqueductal Lesion

4th Ventricle Mass, Child

4th Ventricle Mass, Adult

Generic Imaging Patterns

Bubbly Appearing Intraventricular Mass

Ependymal Enhancement

Large Ventricles

Small Ventricles

Asymmetric Lateral Ventricles

Irregular Lateral Ventricles

Periventricular Enhancing Lesions

Modality-Specific Imaging Findings

Intraventricular Calcification(s)

Periventricular Calcification(s)

Periventricular T2/FLAIR Hyperintense Lesions

Extraaxial Spaces and Subarachnoid Cisterns

Anatomically Based Differentials

Cistern, Subarachnoid Space Normal Variants

Epidural Mass

Enlarged Sulci, Generalized

Effaced Sulci, Generalized

Interhemispheric Fissure Cysts

CPA Mass, Adult

Cystic CPA Mass

Prepontine Cistern Mass

Ventral Foramen Magnum Mass

Dorsal Foramen Magnum Mass

Generic Imaging Patterns

Solitary Enhancing Cranial Nerve

Multiple Enhancing Cranial Nerves

CSF-Like Extraaxial Fluid Collection

Convexal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

CSF-Like Extraaxial Mass

Sulcal/Cisternal Enhancement

Fat in Sulci/Cisterns/Ventricles

Pneumocephalus

Modality-Specific Imaging Findings

Extraaxial Flow Voids

T1 Hyperintense CSF

FLAIR Hyperintense Sulci

T2 Hypointense Extraaxial Lesions

Hyperdense CSF

Hyperdense Extraaxial Mass(es)

Hypodense Extraaxial Mass(es)

Brain Parenchyma, General

Generic Imaging Patterns

Multiple Enhancing Lesions, General

Ring-Enhancing Lesion, Solitary

Ring-Enhancing Lesion, Multiple

Solitary Cystic Parenchymal Mass, General

CSF-Like Parenchymal Lesion(s)

Cyst With Nodule

Fat and Fat-Like Lesion(s)

Modality-Specific Imaging Findings

Solitary Parenchymal Calcification

Multiple Parenchymal Calcifications

Solitary Hyperdense Parenchymal Lesion

Multiple Hyperdense Parenchymal Lesions

Solitary Hypodense Parenchymal Lesion

Multiple Hypodense Parenchymal Lesions

Multiple Brain Hyperintensities (T2/FLAIR), Common

Multiple Brain Hyperintensities (T2/FLAIR), Less Common

Multiple Brain Hyperintensities (T2/FLAIR), Rare but Important

Multiple Hypointense Foci on T2

Multiple Hypointense Foci on GRE/SWI

T1/T2 Hyperintense Parenchymal Lesions

T1 Hypointense, T2 Hyperintense Parenchymal Lesions

T1/T2 Isointense Parenchymal Lesions

Restricted Diffusion, General

Restricted Diffusion, Cortex

Restricted Diffusion, Basal Ganglia

T1 Hyperintense Parenchymal Lesion(s)

Clinically Based Differentials

Brain Tumor in Newborn/Infant

Brain Tumor in Child 1 Year

Epilepsy, Child

Epilepsy, Adult

Supratentorial Brain Parenchyma

Anatomically Based Differentials

Asymmetric Cerebral Hemispheres

Thick Cortex

Thin Cortex

Focal Cortical Mass

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