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In Europe today, staunchly nationalist parties such as France s National Front and the Austrian Freedom Party are identified as far-right movements, though supporters seldom embrace that label. More often, far right is pejorative, used by liberals to tar these groups with the taint of Fascism, Nazism, and other discredited ideologies. Jean-Yves Camus and Nicolas Lebourg s critical look at the far right throughout Europe from the United Kingdom to France, Germany, Poland, Italy, and elsewhere reveals a prehistory and politics more complex than the stereotypes suggest and warns of the challenges these movements pose to the EU s liberal-democratic order. The European far right represents a confluence of many ideologies: nationalism, socialism, anti-Semitism, authoritarianism.

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