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This volume comprises a selection of papers delivered at the Fourth ELC International Postgraduate Conference on Language and Cognition (ELC4). The eleven papers collected here pertain to different areas of linguistics as varied as diachronic linguistics, syntax, pragmatics or psycholinguistics.

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This volume includes eleven papers pertaining to different areas of linguistics and organised into three sections. Part I contains diachronic studies which cover data from Middle English to Present-Day English and which explore phenomena such as the status of extender tags, the distribution of free adjuncts, post-auxiliary ellipsis, and the use of ´ephemeral´ concessive adverbial subordinators. Part II comprises studies on grammar and language processing dealing with topics such as the interaction between syntactic and structural complexity and verbal agreement with collective subjects, the influence of distributivity and concreteness on verbal agreement, the interaction of complexity and efficiency in pronoun omission in Indian English and Singapore English, and the methods and approaches used for grammar teaching in modern EFL/ESL textbooks. Finally, Part III revolves around lexis, discourse and pragmatics, with papers that discuss the development of the discoursal representation of social actors in Argentinian newspapers after the military dictatorship, the construction of women´s gender identity through positive and negative emotions in women´s magazines, and spelling-to-sound correspondence on Twitter.

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Alba Pérez-González: Looking into extender tags in Late Modern English: The case of " or something or other" - Carla Bouzada-Jabois: Referential links in " -ing" and " -ed" free adjuncts in Late Modern English - Cristina Blanco-García: Ephemerality in concessive subordinators. Evidence from the history of English - Evelyn Gandón-Chapela: ´We cou´d not fail of learning the Latin language, as well as we do the Modern Languages´: An empirical study of Post-Auxiliary Ellipsis in Late Modern English - Yolanda Fernández-Pena: Verbal agreement with collectives taking " of" -dependents: Syntactic and structural complexity as determinant factors - Paula Márquez-Caama¤o: Interactivity and opportunism in agreement operations: An experimental study on the production of subject-verb agreement in English and Spanish - Iván Tamaredo: The conventionalization of performance preferences: Pronoun omission in Indian English and Singapore English - Tamilla Mammadova: How is grammar presented in modern textbooks? What can we learn from this? - Mariana Pascual: Coming to terms with a traumatic past: social actors in the Argentine media - Marta Mu¤oz-Ramal: Evaluative language, women and advertising: The construction for women´s gender identity - érsula Kirsten Torrado: Spelling-to-sound examples on Twitter

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