---

For the promotion of global trading and the reduction of potential risks, the role of international standardization of nanotechnologies has become more and more important. This book gives an overview of the current status of nanotechnology including the importance of metrology and characterization at the nanoscale, international standardization of nanotechnology, and industrial innovation of nano-enabled products.
First the field of nanometrology, nanomaterial standardization and nanomaterial innovation is introduced. Second, major concepts in analytical measurements are given in order to provide a basis for the reliable and reproducible characterization of nanomaterials. The role of standards organizations are presented and finally, an overview of risk management and the commercial impact of metrology and standardization for industrial innovations.

---

Foreword
Preface
Introduction: An Overview of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterial Standardization and Opportunities and Challenges
PART I. NANOTECHNOLOGY BASICS: DEFINITIONS, SYNTHESIS, AND PROPERTIES
Nanotechnology Definitions at ISO and ASTM International: Origins, Usage, and Relationship to Nomenclature and Regulatory and Metrology Activities
Engineered Nanomaterials: Discussion of the Major Categories of Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials Synthesis Methods
Physicochemical Properties of Engineered Nanomaterials
Biological Properties of Engineered Nanomaterials
PART II. METROLOGY FOR ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS
Characterization of Nanomaterials
Principal Metrics and Instrumentation for Characterization of Engineered Nanomaterials
Analytical Measurements of Nanoparticles in Challenging and Complex Environments
Metrology for the Dimensional Parameter Study of Nanoparticles
Analytical Nanoscopic Techniques: Nanoscale Properties
Tribological Testing and Standardization at the Micro- and Nanoscale
Stochastic Aspects of Sizing Nanoparticles
PART III. NANOTECHNOLOGY STANDARS
ISO Technical Committee 229 Nanotechnologies
Standards from ASTM International Technical Committee E56 on Nanotechnology
International Electrochemical Commission. Nanotechnology Standards
Standardization of Nanomaterials: Methods and Protocols
Nanomaterial Recommendation from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Reference Nanomaterials to Improve the Reliability of Nanoscale Measurements
Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) and its Role in Nanotechnology Standardization
PART IV. RISK-RELATED ASPECTS OF ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS
Categorization of Engineered Nanomaterials for Regulatory Decision-Making
Nano-Exposure Science: How does Exposure to Engineered Nanomaterials Happen?
Nanotoxicology: Role of Physical and Chemical Characterization and Related In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Methods
Minimizing Risk: An Overview of Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Nanomaterials
PART V. NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED PRODUCTS, APPLICATIONS, AND INDUSTRY
Nanoenabled Products: Categories, Manufacture, and Applications
Application of Nanomaterials to Industry: How are Nanomaterials Used and What Drives Future Applications?
Ethics and Nanomaterials Industrial Production
Nanomaterials for Energy Applications
The Importance of Metrology and Standardization of Nanomaterials for Food Industry and Regulatory Authorities in Europe
Magnetic Properties and Applications of Engineered Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials in Textiles
Index

---