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Philanthropic European Jewish Bankers, Clara and Baron Maurice De Hirsch benefactored hundreds of billions of today´s dollars, principally for the emigration of Russian Jews to seek economic opportunity. Besides donating to Jewish European charities, they also undertook, in the Americas, the Jewish Farming movement as well as helping those who dwelt in cities. Baron de Hirsch´s unprecedented experiments in South America and in the United States by the JAS, provided knowledge, energy and optimism that four Jewish national organization sculd produce the successful Agro-Joint project. Sometimes Russian Jewry "exported" ideas and practices. Other times it absorbed them from abroad. Through the interchange, Jewish communities on four continents became solidly intertwined.

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Finkle, Arthur
ARTHUR L. FINKLE is a mediator, writer, educator and historian. A Phi Beta Kappa, he appears in Marquis´ Who´s Who; Who´s Who in Government; Who´s Who in American Education; and Who´s Who in American Law, he has authored fifteen books (another is on the way); several book chapters and numerous professional articles.

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